Thomas Hobbes

1588–1679

Introduction

Hobbes's Manuscuscripts and the Devonshire Collection

Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — eminent philosopher, once commonly regarded as the most dangerous political thinker since Machiavelli — has left behind a number of manuscripts of his major works, as well as a body of miscellaneous manuscript writings and letters which provide yet further witness to his thinking. The principal collection of his papers is owned by the Duke of Devonshire at Chatsworth House, the main seat of the Cavendish family in whose service Hobbes spent the greater part of his life, notably as tutor and secretary to William Cavendish (1590-1628), second Earl of Devonshire, and to his son William (1617-84), third Earl of Devonshire. The Devonshire Collections include, inter alia, an early draft of De Corpore (HbT 14), the author's corrected or revised scribal manuscripts of The Elements of Law, Natural and Politic (*HbT 20) and of the verse Vita (*HbT 7), his signed presentation copy of De Cive (*HbT 18), and the autograph translation of the political pamphlet Altera secretissima instructio recently discovered by Noel Malcolm (*HbT 55).

Some notable manuscripts of works by Hobbes which were evidently once associated with the Cavendish family passed later into the collections of Robert Harley and are now in the British Library. They include yet another scribal copy of The Elements of Law, Natural and Politic with Hobbes's revisions (*HbT 19). Manuscripts of works by Hobbes dispersed through other channels include his corrected scribal copy of Behemoth, now at St John's College, Oxford (*HbT 8), and — most notable of all — the author's corrected scribal copy on vellum of Leviathan, possibly the manuscript presented to Prince Charles (later Charles II), which is now also in the British Library (*HbT 32).

These authorial manuscripts of Hobbes's established works are supplemented in the entries in CELM by a number of extant scribal copies, many of which were prepared at Hobbes's direction by his amanuenses or which plainly derive from copies which he allowed to be put into circulation some years before the texts were published. Yet other works found in manuscript sources were either not published until after his death or else, in many cases, remain unpublished.

Although various bibliographies and checklists of Hobbes's works have been produced — notably Macdonald & Hargreaves (1952) — there is no comprehensive published catalogue of all his manuscript remains. Neither can the present survey make any claim to comprehensiveness; but rather the following principles of selection and categorization have been applied. Entries are given in CELM, in the Prose section (HbT 7.8-35), to known manuscripts of works published up to three years after Hobbes's death, which occurred on 3 December 1679. They include two works printed posthumously by Hobbes's authorized publisher William Crook, An Historical Narration concerning Heresy (1680: HbT 29-31) and Seven Philosophical Problems (1682: HbT 34-35). Hobbes's few but occasionally notable works in verse, both published and unpublished, have been separately classified (HbT 0.5-7.5).

The greater number of his surviving papers have then been relegated to the section Posthumously Published Works and Miscellaneous Papers Probably Written or Used by Hobbes (HbT 36-93). They include his major Latin treatise on Thomas White's De mundo, which was discovered in a manuscript owned by Hobbes's friend Marin Mersenne and first published in 1973 (HbT 90), and such partly autograph writings as A Minute or first Draught of the Optiques (*HbT 65), Tractatus opticus (*HbT 91) and A Short Tract on First Principles (HbT 88), as well as manuscripts of various other writings on philosophical, scientific, mathematical, legal and linguistic subjects. They also include, somewhat promiscuously grouped together, not only original major treatises by Hobbes which remained unpublished at the time of his death but also a mass of miscellaneous papers, notes and fragments, many of them original compositions, many others constituting his copies of other people's writings, and yet others associated with him by virtue of his role as tutor in the Cavendish household. Most of these papers (which are largely untitled and have been supplied with titles for present purposes) are likely to remain of relevance to Hobbes studies and in certain instances the question of authorship remains controversial.

So indeed does the identity of some of the hands encountered here. A particularly important amanuensis of Hobbes, whose hand is very similar to Hobbes's and has sometimes been misidentified as his, has now been identified as Robert Payne (1595-1651), a member of the Cavendish household, a close friend of Hobbes, and a natural philosopher and mathematician in his own right: see notably Timothy Raylor's articles Hobbes, Payne, and A Short Tract on First Principles, The Historical Journal, 33 (2001), 29-58, and Noel Malcolm, Aspects of Hobbes (Oxford, 2002), chapter 4, Robert Payne, the Hobbes Manuscripts, and the Short Tract (pp. 80-145). Another amanuensis, who took over from Payne following his death, is James Wheldon, about whom less is known. Yet another accomplished amanuensis, who copied works for Hobbes during his years in Paris — including the celebrated manuscript of Leviathan (*HbT 32) — remains unidentified and is now known as the Parisian scribe: see Timothy Raylor, The Date and Script of Hobbes's Latin Optical Manuscript, English Manuscript Studies, 12 (2005), 201-9, and Noel Malcolm, Hobbes, the Latin Optical Manuscript, and the Parisian Scribe, in the same publication, pp. 210-32.

It may be noted that the majority of entries relating to manuscripts at Chatsworth are indebted to some extent to the unpublished typescript catalogue of the Hobbes Papers prepared in the 1930s by Francis Thompson and Arthur T. Shillinglaw. The Hobbes Papers at Chatsworth are classified by their first letters as follows: (A) Treatises and other systematic writings by Hobbes in finished form [most of these are given separate entries in the main Verse and Prose sections]; (B) Treatises and other systematic writings collected by Hobbes or transcribed for him, but not by him; (C) Mathematical notes and fragments by Hobbes, mostly in his own hand; (D) manuscripts connected with Hobbes in relation to the Cavendish family; (E) Personal memoranda; (F) manuscripts found among Hobbes's papers and having some undefined connection with him; and (G) manuscripts found among his papers, but obviously not connected with him personally.

Manuscript Copies

As is evident from the entries in CELM, certain of Hobbes's principal works had some degree of circulation outside the Cavendish family. There are widely dispersed contemporary copies of, particularly, Behemoth or the Long Parliament (HbT 8-13.2), and of The Elements of Law, Natural and Politic (HbT 23-28, in addition to the Cavendish-related manuscripts HbT 19-22). Copies of the latter work seem to have proliferated among booksellers in the nineteenth century, although of course it may be that it was only one or two copies that were sold repeatedly. Manuscript copies, which may or may not relate to those given entries in CELM, were offered, for instance, at Puttick & Simpson's, 17 January 1858, lot 1101; at Sotheby's, 31 March 1859, lot 494; in Kerslake's sale catalogues [for May 1859], item 15, and for February 1860, item 231; at Puttick & Simpson's, 10 July 1861, lot 711, to Jones; in J.E. Cornish's catalogue for [1890], item 304; and at Sotheby's, 13 July 1896 (William Bowen sale), lot 271, and 8 March 1897 (B. R. Heaton sale), lot 818. It is also likely that what was offered on occasions as the Original manuscript of the Leviathan was also, in fact, The Elements of Law: notably in William Pickering's sale catalogues for February 1829, item 8, and for 1834, item 21, and which was sold at Sotheby's, 12 December 1854 (Pickering sale), lot 83, to Westell.

Letters

Of Hobbes's personal, and no doubt voluminous, correspondence, the texts — or partial texts — of some 73 of his letters have survived, some 42 of them in the originals. Of the latter, 26 are entirely autograph. It is known, however, that for about the last thirty years of his life (from before the year 1650) Hobbes suffered from increasingly severe palsey in his hands, eventually becoming soe paralyticall that he wase scarce able to write his name. His chief amanuensis in those years was James Wheldon who, for instance, was responsible for a number of the scribal manuscripts recorded in the entries in CELM and who wrote letters about Hobbes's death, about his will, and about the dispersal of his papers, now in the Bodleian (see MS Aubrey 9, ff. 16r-25r, and Clark, I, 381-6, as well as a related account by Charles Hatton on p. 390). Further information about the progress of Hobbes's palsy is provided by various other sources, including letters written to Hobbes by François du Verdus and François Pelleau, who remarked, on 30 October and 1 November 1656 respectively, on the fact that Hobbes had started writing to them in the hand of an amanuensis (Letters Nos. 26 and 27 in the collection of Letters from foreign correspondents in the Hobbes papers at Chatsworth).

An extensive (but far from complete) provisional listing of letters by and to Hobbes was provided by E.G. Jacoby in Tönnies, Studien, pp. 363-75. This includes many letters by Hobbes known only from references by correspondents, as well as many of the scores of letters received by Hobbes (preserved at Chatsworth, in the British Library, Boldleian and elsewhere), to which may be added Hobbes's various dedicatory epistles to his formal works, as well as his formal answer to Davenant's Preface to Gondibert on 10 January 1649/50 (HbT 7.8).

Jacoby's once useful list, as well as that given in IELM, ii.i (1987), pp. 569-72, has now been superseded by Noel Malcolm's comprehensive edition of The Correspondence of Thomas Hobbes (1994), which includes full texts of both Hobbes's own letters and of those sent to him by correspondents. For reference purposes, the known letters by Hobbes himself that survive in his originals or contemporary copies (including a few not recorded in Malcolm) are all given entries in CELM (HbT 94-173).

A few other letters by Hobbes are known, wholly or in part, only from early printed sources. Largely included by Malcolm, these are not given separate entries in CELM, but may be listed as follows:: (i) A 56-page letter by Hobbes, in Latin, to Marin Mersenne, from London, 5 November 1640. Mentioned in a list in the Bibliothèque Nationale, fonds français, n.a. 6862, ff. 2r-5r. Summarized in Mersenne, Correspondance, X (1967), 210-12. This letter was apparently the basis of Hobbes's Tractatus opticus printed in Marin Mersenne, Cogitata physico-mathematica (Paris, 1644). Molesworth, Latin, V, 217-47, and see Frithiof Brandt, Thomas Hobbes's Mechanical Conception of Nature (London, 1928), pp. 92-7.; (ii) A letter by Hobbes, in Latin, to Marin Mersenne for René Descartes, from Paris, 28 January/7 February 1640/1. Edited in Lettres de M^r Descartes, III (Paris, 1667), pp. 127-36. Reprinted in Molesworth, Latin, V, 282-94, and in Mersenne, Correspondance, X (1967), 487-500. Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 62-80, Letter 30, with English translation.; (iii) Letter by Hobbes, to Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle, 9[/19] February 1661/2. Edited in A Collection of Letters and Poems written by severall persons of honour and learning upon divers important subjects, to the late Duke and Dutchess of Newcastle (London, 1678), p. 67. Reprinted in Tönnies, Analekten, p. 307. Malcolm, Correspondence, II, 524, Letter 145.; (iv) Letter by Hobbes, in Latin, to Anthony Wood, 20[/30] April 1674. Published as Epistola Thomae Hobbes Malmsburiensis ad Dominum Antonium à Wood (London, 1674). Malcolm, Correspondence, II, 744-8, Letter 198, with English translation.; (v) Letter by Hobbes, to William Crook, bookseller, from Chatsworth, 19[/29] June 1679. Quoted in part by Crook in The Bookseller's Advertisement. To the Readers in Considerations upon the Reputation, Loyalty, Manners, & Religion, of Thomas Hobbes, of Malmesbury written by himself (London, 1680), sigs A2^v-A3^r. Reprinted in Molesworth, English, IV, 411-12. Malcolm, Correspondence, II, 771, Letter 206.; (vi) Letter by Hobbes, to William Crook, bookseller, from Chatsworth, 21[/31] July 1679. Quoted in part by Crook in The Bookseller's Advertisement. To the Readers in Considerations upon the Reputation, Loyalty, Manners, & Religion, of Thomas Hobbes, of Malmesbury written by himself (London, 1680), sig A3^r. Reprinted in Molesworth, English, IV, 412. Malcolm, Correspondence, II, 772, Letter 207.; (vii) Letter by Hobbes, to William Crook, bookseller, from Chatsworth, 18[/28] August 1679. Quoted in part by Crook in The Bookseller's Advertisement. To the Readers in Considerations upon the Reputation, Loyalty, Manners, & Religion, of Thomas Hobbes, of Malmesbury written by himself (London, 1680), sig. A3^v. Reprinted in Molesworth, English, IV, 412. Malcolm, Correspondence, II, 774-5, Letter 209.

Another, undated, letter that was once attributed to Hobbes — one to [? Mr Finny or Hinny], possibly in the hand of James Wheldon, now at Chatsworth (Hobbes MSS D.7) — has been firmly rejected by Malcolm as not by Hobbes: see Correspondence, I, xlviii-l. He also rejects as nineteenth-century forgeries a letter supposedly by Hobbes to John Aubrey, 15 October 1675, as well as one by Aubrey to Hobbes, 23 October 1675, which are now in the Society of Antiquaries (MS 817/9): see Malcolm & Tolonen, pp. 493-4.

Presentation Exempla of Hobbes's Printed Works

A printed exemplum of Elementorum philosophiae sectio tertio de cive (Paris, 1642) presented by Hobbes to his friend Sir Kenelm Digby, who was involved in its printing, is preserved at the Bibliothèque des Universités de Paris à la Sorbonne (R. III. 15) and is discussed in E. Chatelain, Quelques épaves de la Bibliothèque de K. Digby, Revue des Bibliothèques, 1, No. 2 (May 1891). The leaf containing Hobbes's autograph inscription has, however, disappeared in a recent rebinding (Warrender, De Cive: Latin, p. 6n).

Another known presentation volume is an exemplum of Examinatio & emendatio mathematicae hodiernae (London, 1660) inscribed by Hobbes to his noble friend John Aubrey. This is preserved at Worcester College, Oxford, and is recorded in Macdonald & Hargreaves, p. xvi.

The presentation volumes of Hobbes's Opera philosophica (3 vols bound in 2, Amsterdam, 1668) which he sent to Magdalen Hall, Oxford, in February 1672/3 (see Malcolm, Correpondence, Letter 193) are now preserved in the library of Hertford College, Oxford ((B) C. 1. 13, 14).

Hobbes's Library

Hobbes's library at Hardwick Hall and at Chatsworth probably comprised some hundreds of books, although it is unlikely that a clear distinction was ever made between his books and those of his patron, the second Earl of Devonshire, who, according to Aubrey, simply stored the [Cavendish] library with what books [Hobbes] thought fitt to be bought (Clark, I, 338). Several manuscript library catalogues are preserved among the Hobbes Papers at Chatsworth and throw light on those books available to him. These catalogues may be listed as follows:

(i) Chatsworth, Hobbes manuscripts, E. 1. A.: 138 quarto pages, in limp vellum. A systematic catalogue in Hobbes's hand throughout; c.late 1620s.Recorded (as catalogue A), and select entries printed, in Hamilton. Facsimile of p. 86 in Noel Malcolm, Reasons of State, Propaganda, and the Thirty Years' War: An Unknown Translation by Thomas Hobbes (Oxford, 2007), facing p. 23.
(ii) Chatsworth, Hobbes manuscripts, [unnumbered in cabinet]: 90 quarto pages, in wrappers. Catalogue of Books, the main part in the hand of Hobbes's amanuensis James Wheldon, c.1657. With one or two entries apparently in Hobbes's later shaky hand, including the entry Hobbes de Ciue Latin. 4° manuscript. Autographium i^a editionis; with further additions in other hands and, near the end, a section for Bookes put into the Library by M^r. Hobbes preceding a section for Books taken to London by my noble Lord in 1692 (and additions to 1696).Recorded (as catalogue B), and select entries printed, in Hamilton. It was possibly for this catalogue that James Wheldon was paid £1 on 26 December 1657 for drawing a Catalogue of y^e Bookes in y^e Library at Hardwick, by yo^r Lordships Order from m^r Hobbes (see the household accounts book, Hardwick MS 14).
(iii) Chatsworth, Hardwick MS 16*: 56 large folio leaves (plus 66 blanks), in limp vellum. Catalogue in two alphabetical sequences, in the hand of an amanuensis with a few additions in other hands, some entries headed These Bookes are taken out this 15 of April [1672] by the Right hon^bl. Earle of Devonshire and carried vp to London (the next entry dated Sept: 25. 72). Also including a loose folio leaf containing a list of Bookes taken out of the Library at Hardwick in July 1699, for the Library at Chatsworth in the hand of James Wheldon. c.1672-99. Recorded (as catalogue C) in Hamilton.
(iv) Chatsworth, Hobbes manuscripts [unnumbered in cabinet]: 16 folio pages. Catalogue of all the books that are in the library at Chattsworth, in an unidentified hand, with near the end a brief section on Manuscripts including hobbes ciuis politicus and hobbes Leuiathan. c.1693.
(v) Chatsworth, Hobbes manuscripts [unnumbered in cabinet]: 34 tall folio pages. Alphabetical catalogue in an unidentified hand. Probably after 1699.
(vi) Chatsworth, Hobbes MSS G. 4: Rough notes in an unidentified hand, on four pages, recording books taken out of the library in 1682-3.
(vii) Chatsworth, Hobbes MSS E. 1: An octavo leaf, with a separate slip of paper. S^r Kenel. Digbyes manuscripts. 1634: viz. a list in Robert Payne's hand of Sir Kenelm Digby's collection of manuscripts now in the Bodleian.Discussed in detail in Arrigo Pacchi, Ruggero Bacone e Roberto Grossatesta in un inedito Hobbesiano del 1634, Rivista critica di storia della filosofia, 20 (1965), 499-502.
(viii) Chatsworth, Hobbes manuscripts, E. 2: 31 sextodecimo pages. A systematic working index of about 900 books in the Bodleian Library, in Robert Payne's hand throughout. c.1630s. Recorded (as catalogue D), and select entries printed, in Hamilton (where it is erroneously assumed that the list relates to the library at Hardwick Hall) and in Pacchi, loc. cit. Discussed and edited in full in Arrigo Pacchi, Una Bibliotheca ideale di Thomas Hobbes: il MS E2 dell'archivio di Chatsworth, ACME: Annali della facoltà di lettere e filosofia del'Università degli Studi di Milano, 21, fasc. 1 (1968), 5-42.

Possibly the greater part of the library used by Hobbes is still preserved at Chatsworth, despite occasional despoliation in later years. There is no evidence, however, to associate any specific volumes with him, despite various surmises. According to Hamilton (pp. 448, 450), for instance, Hobbes appears to have annotated the first chapter of the copy of Jean Bodin, De republica libri sex, preserved at Chatsworth. However, none of the exempla of the three editions of this work there (viz. Paris, 1577 and 1586, and London, 1606: shelfmarks 258A and 261A, certain of which have occasional marginal annotations by readers) bears any trace of Hobbes's hand. A comparable book is an exemplum of The Twoo Bookes of Francis Bacon Of the proficiencie and aduancement of Learning (London, 1605: shelfmark 135. B, in the librarian's cabinet), which has been traditionally associated with Hobbes on the basis of a series of marginal annotations on the first twenty-two pages. If this volume could positively be associated with Hobbes it would indeed be of interest, in view of Aubrey's claim that, in his younger days, Hobbes was Bacon's favourite amanuensis (Clark, I, 331). However, the hand responsible for the annotations (which is decidedly degenerate) bears no resemblance to any known examples of Hobbes's hand, while the content of the annotations suggests someone reading the book for the first time (Noel Malcolm, private communication).

One or two other books possibly owned by Hobbes may have escaped from Chatsworth. His alleged exemplum of Aristophanes (Basel, 1547), was offered for sale in A Catalogue of Greek and Latin Classics by the London bookseller Samuel Hayes in 1823 (this catalogue is in the British Library, 130.k.14 (3)). An exemplum of Walter Charleton's The Immortality of the Human Soul (London, 1657) allegedly bearing the inscription E Libris … Tho: Hobbes — Coll. Magd. and a correction and annotation by Hobbes on p. 85, appeared in Brick Row Bookshop, San Francisco, Special List No. 6 (1938), item 631. An exemplum of John Earle's Micro-cosmographie (London, 1630). with the inscription Tho: Hobbes. 1653, was sold at Christie's, New York, 18 November 1988 (John F. Fleming sale), lot 176, with a facsimile of the inscription in the sale catalogue.

Miscellaneous

Numerous other papers are to be found relating to Hobbes, which have not been given separate entries in CELM. Examples of the numerous tracts discussing (and usually attacking) his ideas are in the following repositories:

Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, fonds français 9119, ff. 451-3: Part of a geometrical compilation by François du Verdus, headed De la Teroide ou Aisle de Mons^r hobs and beginning Voicy la façon dont Mons^r hobs se sert pour descrire cette ligne.
Bodleian, MS Rawl. C. 251. An Appeal to Hobbes against heresy and infidelity by a Roman Catholic.
Bodleian, MS Savile 104. Three papers relating to Hobbes's quarrel with John Wallis.
British Library, Add. MS 4394, ff. 30r-1v. Animadversions by John Wallis on geometrical works by Hobbes.
British Library, Add. MS 6193, p. 134. Hobbes's interview with Robert Hooke.
British Library, Add. MS 72898, ff. 89r-105r. William Petty's autograph paper on Hobbes's theory of monarchy.
British Library, Sloane MS 904, f. 14r. The Principles of m^r Hobs.
British Library, Sloane MS 1012. Extracts from Bishop Bramhall's examination of Hobbes's opinions.
British Library, Sloane MS 2283, ff. 61-5. Animadversions on Leviathan by A. Ross, 1653.
Queen's College, Oxford, MS 204, ff. 132r, 7r. Thomas Barlow, Bishop of Lincoln's autograph Animadversions on Mr. Hobbs his historical narration of heresy and its punishment.
Dr Williams's Library, Baxter Treatises, Vol. 18 [61.14]. An old Disputation written twenty years ago…against…M^r Hobbes, 1679.

In addition, a treatise, or Reflections, by the Lord Chief Justice Sir Mathew Hale (1609-76), on Hobbes's The Elements of Law, Natural and Politic is preserved in at least three manuscript copies in the British Library: (i) Add. MS 18235, ff. 2-40. (ii) Hargrave MS 96. (iii) Harley MS 711, ff. 418r-39r. Edited from the last manuscript in Frederick Pollock, Sir Matthew Hale on Hobbes: An Unpublished MS, Law Quarterly Review, 37 (1921), 274-303.

A lengthy treatise Of Winds and Tydes, part of which is preserved in the British Library, Sloane MS 3943, ff. 158-66, and which has been conjecturally attributed to Hobbes in the library catalogue, is almost certainly spurious. Its explanation of tides is quite unlike all those given in Hobbes's other discussions of the subject, and it seems to depend on a notion of condensation and rarefaction which Hobbes argued fiercely against (Noel Malcolm, private communication).

The original manuscript of John Aubrey's Life of M^r. Thomas Hobbes, of Malmesburie — by far the longest of his Brief Lives — is in the Bodleian (MS Aubrey 9, with additional material in MS Aubrey 3). It is edited in Clark, I, 321-403.

Various of Anthony Wood's papers in the Bodleian throw light on Hobbes or lie behind Wood's own account of him in Athenae Oxonienses (1691-2: II, 477-83). They are discussed in Allan Pritchard, The Last Days of Hobbes: Evidence of the Wood Manuscripts, Bodleian Library Record, 10 (1980), 178-87.

A digest of Behemoth made by W.E. Gladstone in 1832 is now in the British Library, Add. MS 44722, f. 20v.

Various printed exempla of Hobbes's works have readers' marginal annotations. An annotated exemplum of Leviathan, for instance, is in Leeds University Library, Brotherton Collection. Another exemplum was once annotated by Jonathan Swift: see The Book Collector, 13 (Summer 1964), p. 214.

Because of additions and inevitable rearrangements, some of the original entries in IELM have been assigned new CELM numbers. The old numbers are nevertheless cited in the relevant entries for clarification.

Abbreviations

de Beer: G.R. de Beer, Some Letters of Thomas Hobbes, Notes and Records of The Royal Society of London, 7 (1950), 195-206.
Clark: John Aubrey, Brief Lives, ed. Andrew Clark, 2 vols (Oxford, 1898).
Hamilton: James Jay Hamilton, Hobbes's Study and the Hardwick Library, Journal of the History of Philosophy, 16 (1978), 445-53.
Jacquot & Jones: Thomas Hobbes, Critique du De Mundo de Thomas White, ed. Jean Jacquot and Harold Whitmore Jones (Paris, 1973).
Macdonald & Hargreaves: Hugh Macdonald and Mary Hargreaves, Thomas Hobbes: A Bibliography (London, 1952).
Malcolm & Tolonen: Noel Malcolm and Mikko Tolonen, The Correspondence of Thomas Hobbes: Some New Items, The Historical Journal, 51/2 (2008), 481-95.
Malcolm, Correspondence: The Clarendon Edition of the Works of Thomas Hobbes, Volume VII: The Correspondence of Thomas Hobbes, ed. Noel Malcolm, 2 vols (Oxford, 1994; reprinted 1997).
Mersenne, Correspondance: Correspondance du P. Marin Mersenne, ed. Cornelis de Waard et al., vols 1-15 (Paris, 1932-85).
Molesworth, English: The English Works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, ed. Sir William Molesworth, 11 vols (London, 1839-45).
Molesworth, Latin: Thomae Hobbes Malmsburiensis opera philosophica quae latine scripsit omnia, ed. Sir William Molesworth, 5 vols (London, 1839-45).
Robertson: George Croom Roberts, Some Newly Discovered Letters of Hobbes, [first printed in Mind, 15 (1890), 440-7], reprinted in Philosophical Remains of George Croom Roberts, ed. Alexander Bain and T. Whittaker (London and Edinburgh, 1894), pp. 303-16.
Sorbière, Illustrium: Samuel Sorbière, Illustrium et eruditorum virorum epistolae (Paris, 1669).
Tönnies, Analekten: Ferdinand Tönnies, Hobbes-Analekten, Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie, 17 (1903-4), 291-317; 19 (1905-6), 153-75 [reprinted in Tönnies, Studien, pp. 91-134].
Tönnies, Sorbière: Ferdinand Tönnies, Siebzhen Briefe des Thomas Hobbes an Samuel Sorbière, nebst Briefen Sorbière's, Mersenne's u. Aa., Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie, 3 (1890), 58-71, 192-232 [reprinted in Tönnies, Studien, pp. 45-89].
Tönnies, Studien: Ferdinand Tönnies, Studien zur Philosophie und Gesellschaftslehre im 17. Jahrhundert, ed. E.G. Jacoby (Stuttgart-Bad Cannstadt, 1975).
Warrender, De Cive: Latin/English: The Clarendon Edition of the Philosophical Works of Thomas Hobbes, Vol. II, De Cive: The Latin Version, and Vol. III, De Cive: The English Version, ed. Howard Warrender (Oxford, 1983).

Verse

Prose

Works by Hobbes Published No Later than 1682

Answer to the Preface of Davenant's Gondibert

First published in Sir William Davenant, Gondibert (London, 1651), pp. 71-88. Molesworth, English, IV, 441-58.

HbT 7.8

Extracts, headed M^r Hobbs's answer to y^e Preface.

A tall folio composite volume of commonplace-book notes and extracts, chiefly in the hand of John Evelyn the younger, on various paper sizes, 248 leaves, in modern half-morocco.

Late 17th century

Volume CCLXXVI of the Evelyn Papers. Formerly Christ Church, Oxford, Evelyn MS 281.

The British Library: Additional MSS, numbers 60000 through end (Add. MS 78448 f. 180r)

Behemoth or The Long Parliament

First published, as The History of the Civil Wars of England, ([in London], 1679). Molesworth, English, VI, 161-418. Edited by Ferdinand Tönnies (London, 1889). 2nd edition, with introduction by M.M. Goldsmith, (London, 1969), and reprinted with an introduction by Stephen Holmes (Chicago & London, 1990).

*HbT 8

Autograph

Copy, including the dedicatory epistle to Arlington, in the hand of an amanuensis, with Hobbes's autograph corrections, 90 folio leaves.

c.1668

Ex dono Car. Wheatley, 1706.

Edited from this MS in Tönnies.

St John's College, Oxford (MS 13)

HbT 9

Copy, on 261 pages, in calf.

Late 17th century

Acquired in 1934.

Aberdeen University Library (MS 1047)

HbT 10

Copy, headed Behemoth, or the Epitome of y^e Civill Wars of England.

Copy in two scribal hands, with additions in a third hand, headed Behemoth, or the Epitome of y^e Civill Wars of England, on 64 folio leaves.

Late 17th century

The British Library: Stowe MSS (Stowe MS 77)

HbT 11

Copy, headed The Epitome of the Civill Warres of England, on 267 folio pages.

Late 17th century

Royal College of Physicians (MS 200)

HbT 12

Copy, in a professional mixed hand, entitled Behemoth or an Epitome of y^e Warrs In England By Thomas Hobbs of Malmsbury, 62 double-folio-size leaves (plus blanks), in contemporary calf.

Late 17th century

Bookplate of Thomas Cobbe: i.e. probably Colonel Thomas Cobbe (1733-c.1799), of Newbridge, Co. Dublin. Purchased from Mr Mercier December 1806. Old pressmark I. 1. 1.

Trinity College, Dublin, numbers 800 through end (MS 875)

HbT 13

Copy, in a professional rounded hand, headed Behemoth or The Epitome of the civil warrs of England, subscribed 1680, with a list of books added at the end, vi + 116 folio leaves, in contemporary calf.

c.1680

Purchased in December 1806 from Mr Mercier. Old pressmark I. 1. 7.

Trinity College, Dublin, numbers 800 through end (MS 876)

HbT 13.2

Extracts, inscribed Hobs's Behemoth.

A folio miscellany of extracts, in a single cursive hand, 351 leaves, in modern half brown morocco on marbled boards.

c.1685-1700s

Sotheby's, 13 July 1855, lot 1364.

The British Library: Additional MSS, numbers 20000 through 24999 (Add. MS 21107 ff. 168r-9r)

A Briefe of the Art of Rhetorique

First published in London, [1637].

Posthumously Published Works and Miscellaneous Papers Probably Written or Used by Hobbes

Abstracts from Roman history

Unpublished.

HbT 36

A quarto volume, containing a series of abstracts from Roman history, in the large childish hand of William Cavendish, later third Earl of Devonshire, evidently written as exercises probably for Hobbes, 106 quarto pages, in limp vellum.

Early-mid-17th century

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 73.

The Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House (MS Hardwick 70)

Articles of Impeachm^t of high Treason & other high crimes and offences again^st William Earle of Powys William Viscount Stafford Henery Lord Arrundell of Wordour William Lord Petre & John Lord Bellacys: now Prison^rs in the Tower

HbT 37

Copy of Articles of Impeachm^t of high Treason & other high crimes and offences again^st William Earle of Powys William Viscount Stafford Henery Lord Arrundell of Wordour William Lord Petre & John Lord Bellacys: now Prison^rs in the Tower, in an unidentified hand, on six folio pages, endorsed by one of Hobbes's amanuenses (James Wheldon), also endorsed For M^r Halleley....

c.1678-9

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 69.

The Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House (Hobbes MSS G. 1)

Authores citati a Bonaventura Cavalieri in Specchio Ustorio

HbT 38

List of Authores citati a Bonaventura Cavalieri in Specchio Ustorio, in the hand of the Cavendishes' chaplain Robert Payne (1596-1651), on one side of a long octavo leaf.

Mid-17th century

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 64.

The Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House (Hobbes MSS E. 5)

Autobiography

A brief autobiography in Latin. First published in Clark (1898), I, 395-403.

HbT 39

Copy by Aubrey, transcribed from Hobbes's original autograph draft which Hobbes did leave in [Aubrey's] hands but which he later sent for about 2 yeares before he died.

Edited from this MS in Clark. Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 37.

According to Aubrey, Hobbes revised and rewrote his autobiography and Aubrey lent the [new] MS to Dr Richard Blackbourne, who published it as the second item in his edition of Hobbes's Vita (London, 1681), but who neglected to retrieve the MS from the printer and so twas made wast paper of.

c.1680-1

Bodleian Library, other MSS (MS Aubrey 9 ff. 23r-5v)

Beaugrand, Jean de. Geostaticae sev de vario pondere grauium secundum uaria a terrae centro intervalla. dissertatio mathematica

A treatise dedicated to Cardinal de Richelieu, published in Paris, 1636.

*HbT 40

Autograph

Copy of the treatise by Jean de Beaugrand, in the hand of the Parisian scribe, with additions possibly by Hobbes on the title-page and on pp. [15], [17], [18] and [39], on 42 large folio pages.

c.1640s

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 54. Facsimile of p. 8 in Timothy Raylor, The Date and Script of Hobbes's Latin Optical Manuscript, EMS, 12 (2005), 201-9 (p. 295).

The Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House (Hobbes MSS B. 6)

Castelli, Benedetto. Geometricall Demonstration Of the Measure of Running-waters...Translated out of Italian

Unpublished.

*HbT 41 1635

Autograph

MS, in the hand of the Cavendishes' chaplain Robert Payne (1596-1651), of a translation of the work by Benedetto Castelli [1578-1643] Monck of Cassina; and Mathematician to Pope Vrban. 8 Printed in Rome. 1628. Translated out of Italian. 1635, by M^r Robert Payen added in the hand of Sir Charles Cavendish.

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 44. This MS recorded in Jean Jacquot, Sir Charles Cavendish and his Learned Friends, Annals of Science, 8 (1952), 13-27, 175-91 (p. 21). Erroneously once thought to be in Hobbes's hand. Facsimile of f. 310v in Raylor, Historical Journal (2001), p. 38.

A folio composite volume of philosophical tracts, owned, at least in part, by Sir Charles Cavendish (1591-1654) and possibly containing MSS sent to him from Paris by Marin Mersenne.

c.1640s

The complete MS volume, without the diagrams, edited in Franco Alessio in Rivista critica di storia della filosofia, 18 (Florence, 1963), 147-228. Discussed by Timothy Raylor, with facsimile examples, in Hobbes, Payne, and A Short Tract on First Principles, The Historical Journal, 33 (2001), 29-58, and in The Date and Script of Hobbes's Latin Optical Manuscript, EMS, 12 (2005), 201-9.

The British Library: Harley Collection, numbers 6000 through 6999 (Harley MS 6796 ff. 309r-16r)

Complimentary verse

Unpublished.

HbT 42

MS of eighteen complimentary lines of verse to Hobbes, in acknowledgement of his commendation of the Picture I have drawn, untitled and beginning My hopes have there succes, since that I find, on a single quarto leaf.

Mid-17th century

A possible candidate for authorship is the miniaturist Samuel Cooper (1607/8-72), who, according to John Aubrey, was a friend of Hobbes.

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 65.

The Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House (Hobbes MSS E. 6)

Concerning y^e Compression of Aire

Unpublished.

HbT 43 Late 17th century

Copy of a scientific paper, in a cursive hand, headed M^r Hobbs Concerning y^e Compression of Aire, followed by Maximes necessary for those, y^t from y^e sight of an Effect, shall endeavor to assigne its Naturall Cause, on three pages of a pair of conjugate folio leaves, sent to the Royal Society.

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 75.

A large folio composite volume of tracts and papers, in various hands and paper sizes, 85 items, unfoliated, all mounted on guards, in modern boards with ties.

Royal Society, London (Classified Papers IV (1) item 30)

Considerations touching the facility or Difficulty of the Motions of a Horse, on streight lines, & circular

A tract in twenty-three sections, beginning The most naturall & easy posture of the body of a Horse, at rest, is in a streight line…. First published, as if ny Hobbes, in S. Arthur Strong, A Catalogue of Letters and Other Historical Documents Exhibited in the Library at Welbeck (London, 1903), pp. 237-40. Probably written by Robert Payne (1596-1651), the Cavendish family's chaplain.

*HbT 44

Autograph

Draft, with revisions, in the hand of Robert Payne.

Mid-late 17th century?

Formerly among the muniments of the Duke of Portland, of Welbeck Abbey, Nottinghamshire (MS III. C. 3).

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 82. Edited from this MS, as if Hobbes's holograph. In Strong, with a facsimile of the first page facing p. 55. Recorded in Macdonald & Hargreaves, p. xv.

Untraced, miscellaneous ([Hobbes's Horse MS])

Cyclometria

An upublished Latin treatise on Geometry, probably entitled Cyclometria (beginning Quin Cyclometria totius Geometriae pars pulcherrima sit…).

*HbT 45

Autograph

Fragment of a Latin treatise on Geometry, probably entitled Cyclometria (beginning Quin Cyclometria totius Geometriae pars pulcherrima sit…), with a dedication to the third Earl of Devonshire, in the hand of an amanuensis (James Wheldon), with a few autograph corrections and revisions by Hobbes, on nine folio pages.

[After 1678]

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 48. Hobbes refers to this treatise in his letter to the Duke of Ormonde, 14 August 1677 (see HbT 164), as to be published…by some frend or other after his death.

The Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House (Hobbes MSS A. 9)

Epigrams

Unpublished.

HbT 46

A quarto volume containing 103 anonymous English verse epigrams in imitation of Martial, dedicated to William Cavendish (later second Earl of Devonshire), in an unidentified hand, the last two epigrams on p. 37 in different hands, 33 pages, in limp vellum.

17th century

Inscribed names (p. 38) of Edward Sackville and William Cavendish.

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 66.

The Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House (Hobbes MSS F. 1)

Essays

Anonymously published (together with two further essays on Country Life and Religion and with four discourses) under the title Horae subsecivae. Observations and Discourses (London, 1620).

*HbT 47

Autograph

A quarto volume of essays, probably by the young William Cavendish (1590-1628), (second Earl of Devonshire, in Hobbes's early formal hand, with some corrections probably in Cavendish's hand, vi + 78 pages, in vellum gilt.

A series of ten formal essays on Arrogance, Ambition, Affectation, Detraction, Self-will, Masters and Servants, Expenses, Visitations, Death and Reading of Histories, with a dedication by William Cavendish to his father.

c.1611-14?

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 58. This MS edited, and authorship attributed to Hobbes, in Friedrich O. Wolf, Die neue Wissenschaft des Thomas Hobbes (Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt, 1969), pp. 113-67. Hobbes's authorship rejected in favour of William Cavendish by E.G. Jacoby, H.W. Jones, M.M. Goldsmith, Douglas Bush and Noel Malcolm (see especially Annals of Science, 32 (1975), 401-3; N&Q, 218 (May 1973), 162-4; and Historical Journal, 24 (1981), 297-321 (pp. 320-1)). The essays also discussed in Hamilton, pp. 451-2 (who argues that the MS is not… in Hobbes's handwriting and that it is merely a handwritten copy of the printed version). The authorship and date remain controversial.

The Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House (Hobbes MSS D. 3)

The Exclusion Act

HbT 48

A Copy of the Bill concerning the D: of York [the Exclusion Act, 5 May 1679], in an unidentified hand, docketed by one of Hobbes's amanuenses (James Wheldon), on five folio and two quarto pages.

Late 17th century

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 71.

The Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House (Hobbes MSS G. 3)

Fermat, Pierre de. Appollonij Pergei doctrinam

Unpublished treatise on geometry.

HbT 49

Copy of the treatise by Pierre de Fermat (1601-75), in the hand of the Parisian scribe, with diagrams, on 16 large folio pages.

c.1643

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 52.

The Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House (Hobbes MSS B. 4)

Galileo, Galilei. Of the Profitt w^ch is drawen from the Art Mechaniq[ue] & it's Instruments

Unpublished translation.

*HbT 50

Autograph

MS, in the hand of the Cavendishes' chaplain Robert Payne (1596-1651), of a translation of Galileo's work, subscribed Raptim ex Italico in Anglicum Sermonem transfusum. Nouemb. 11°. 1636, By M^r Robert Payen added in the hand of Sir Charles Cavendish.

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 45. This MS recorded in Jean Jacquot, Sir Charles Cavendish and his Learned Friends, Annals of Science, 8 (1952), 13-27, 175-91 (p. 21). Facsimile of f. 324r, wrongly identified as in Hobbes's hand, in IELM, II.i (1987), Facsimile XXIV, after p. xxiv.

A folio composite volume of philosophical tracts, owned, at least in part, by Sir Charles Cavendish (1591-1654) and possibly containing MSS sent to him from Paris by Marin Mersenne.

c.1640s

The British Library: Harley Collection, numbers 6000 through 6999 (Harley MS 6796 ff. 317r-39r)

Geometrical axioms and definitions

Unpublished.

*HbT 51

Autograph

Copy of an untitled Latin compilation of geometrical axioms and definitions, presumably made for Hobbes's personal use, in a professional hand, with a few minor autograph corrections probably by Hobbes (on pp. 21, 34, 36, 37), on 42 quarto pages.

c.1641?

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 46.

The Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House (Hobbes MSS A. 7)

Geometrical propositions

Unpublished.

*HbT 52

Autograph

A folio exercise book containing thirty geometrical propositions, in the hand of the third Earl of Devonshire, with autograph corrections and additions by Hobbes, 21 pages.

Early-mid-17th century

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 57.

The Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House (Hobbes MSS D. 2)

Glossopaideia. that is. The Ready way of teaching and learning The Languages

Unpublished.

HbT 53

Copy of the treatise by G. F., dedicated to the most noble Ladie A whom the author addresses as Your Highness [i.e. ? Lady Arbella Stuart (1575-1615)], in an unidentified hand, on 87 quarto pages (including blanks).

Mid-17th century

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 49.

The Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House (Hobbes MSS B. 1)

Gunter, Edmund. De lineis regulae principalibus

Unpublished treatise on geometry.

HbT 54

Copy of the treatise by Edmund Gunter (1581-1626), in the hand of the Cavendishes' chaplain Robert Payne (1596-1651), docketed as Transcript. ex MS. Autographo ipsi[u]s Authoris dn Edmi Gunter. ex Aede Chri Oxon, on 59 quarto pages.

c.1630s?

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 51.

The Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House (Hobbes MSS B. 3)

Hobbes's Translation of Altera secretissima instructio

Translation of the political pamphlet Altera secretissima instructio Gallo-Britanno-Batava Friderico V data, ex belgica in latinam versa, et optimo publico evulgata (The Hague, 1626). First published in Noel Malcolm, Reasons of State, Propaganda, and the Thirty Years' War: An Unknown Translation by Thomas Hobbes (Oxford, 2007), texts of the translation and original Latin on pp. 124-99.

*HbT 55 c.1626

Autograph

Autograph manuscript, entitled A second most secret instruction Gallo-britanno-batauian, giuen to Fredericke the V. Translated out of Low Dutch into Latine, and diuulged for the most publique good. At Hague, by permission of y^e Senate. 1626.

Edited from this MS in Malcolm, with a facsimile of f. 74r facing p. 22.

A folio guardbook of letters and papers, in various hands, i + 358 leaves.

Volume CCCCXCIX of the Portland Papers, owned by the Harley family, of Brampton Bryan, and related families of Vere, Hollis, and Cavendish, and of Cavendish-Bentinck, Dukes of Portland. Formerly Loan MS 29/235.

The British Library: Additional MSS, numbers 60000 through end (Add. MS 70499 ff. 73r-83r)

The Last Sayings, or Dying Legacy of Mr. Thomas Hobbs of Malmesbury, who departed this life on Thursday, Decemb. 4. 1679

Various sayings by Hobbes chiefly taken from Leviathan. First published, as a broadside, in London, 1680.

HbT 56

Copy.

A large folio composite volume of tracts and miscellaneous papers, in various hands and paper sizes, 229 leaves, in reversed calf.

Second volume of the miscellaneous collections of Richard Davis of Sandford.

Owned by William Fulman (1632-88), Oxford antiquary.

Corpus Christi College, Oxford (MS 318 f. 218r)

HbT 57

Copy.

Late 17th century

University of Calgary (B 1235 L3 1680)

Latin digests

Unpublished.

*HbT 58

Autograph

Copy of three Latin digests, in the hands of several amanuenses.

Probably prepared by Hobbes for his pupil, the third Earl of Devonshire.

Comprising:

(A) Julij Cæsaris Scaligeri de subtilitate (parts i-iii), signed by Hobbes and the short titles of each section possibly in his hand, on 105 folio pages;

(B) Aristotelis rhetorica, on 21 folio pages;

These MSS formerly in two volumes but rebound as one volume in 1939 when the sections were sewn in the wrong order (viz. Aiii, B, C, Ai, Aii).

Mid-17th century

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 47. Item B bears some relation to A Briefe of the Art of Rhetorique (London [1637]) [Molesworth, English, VI, 419-536], and see also HbT 56. This MS recorded in Hamilton, p. 451.

The Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House (Hobbes MSS A. 8)

Legal brief

First published in Samuel I. Mintz, Hobbes on the Law of Heresy: A New Manuscript, Journal of the History of Ideas, 29 (1968), 409-14.

HbT 59

Copy of a legal brief evidently composed by Hobbes, in the hand of an amanuensis (James Wheldon), untitled and beginning Concerning the punishment of such persons as by word or writing uttered any thing contrary to the definition or determination of Holy Church…), on two folio leaves.

c.1660s?

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 74. Edited from this MS in Mintz. Also discussed by Robert Willman in Journal of the History of Ideas, 31 (1970), 607-13, and by Mintz in Journal of the History of Ideas, 31 (1970), 614-15.

The Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House (MS Hardwick, Drawer 145, No. 18)

Library catalogues

See Introduction, under Hobbes's Library.

The Lord Shaftsburys Speech in the House of Lords March. 25. 1679

HbT 60

Copy of The Lord Shaftsburys Speech in the House of Lords March. 25. 1679, in an unidentified hand, with corrections in a second hand, endorsed by James Wheldon, on three pages of a pair of conjugate folio leaves.

Late 17th century

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 70.

The Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House (Hobbes MSS G. 2)

The Mathematical Demonstration of the Sword

First published in Timothy Raylor, Thomas Hobbes and The Mathematical Demonstration of the Sword, The Seventeenth Century, 15/2 (Autumn 2000), 175-98.

*HbT 61

Autograph

Autograph, headed To compare the strength of two swords that presse each other, on six quarto pages of text plus two folding leaves of partly annotated diagrams; an initial blank leaf with an attached slip inscribed Henry Duke of Newcastle his booke 1676; the verso of the blank inscribed by William Cavendish, Marquess of Newcastle, The Mathematicall Demonstration off The sorde.

c.1640s

Edited from this MS in Raylor, with facsimile examples.

The British Library: Harley Collection, numbers 5000 through 5999 (Harley MS 5219)

A mathematical theorem

Unpublished.

*HbT 62

Autograph

Autograph signed demonstration by Hobbes of a mathematical theorem, in Latin, with a diagram, on a single folio leaf.

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 38.

A composite volume of papers of Dr John Pell (1611-85), mathematician.

c.1645

The British Library: Additional MSS, numbers 4101 through 4999 (Add. MS 4278 f. 200r)

Memorandum

Unpublished.

*HbT 63

Autograph

Autograph memorandum signed by Hobbes, relating to the Earl of Devonshire's steward Humphrey Poole, dated 15 September 1640, on an oblong strip of paper.

1640

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 62.

The Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House (Hobbes MSS D. 8)

Micanza, Fulgenzio. Letters

HbT 64

A folio volume containing English translations made by Hobbes of 76 letters by the Venetian patriot Fr. Fulgenzio Micanza, letters sent between 1615 and 1625 to William Cavendish, second Earl of Devonshire (1591?-1628), in the hands of two amanuenses, with autograph annotations by Hobbes on the first page, 277 folio pages (plus blanks), in vellum.

Mid-17th century

Owned c.1813 by G. Dyer, of Exeter. Formerly MS Hardwick 73A^a.

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 72. The essays are discussed in Vittorio Gabrieli, Bacone, la riforma e Roma nella versione Hobbesiana d'un carteggio di Fulgenzio Micanzio, EM, 8 (1957), 195-250. The MS also briefly discussed in Arthur T. Shillinglaw, Hobbes and Ben Jonson, TLS (18 April 1936), p. 336.

Another MS copy of these letters is in the British Library, Add. MS 11309.

The Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House (Hobbes MSS [unnumbered])

A Minute or first Draug[h]t of the Optiques

An unpublished two-part treatise on optics, the first part On Illumination, the second part On Vision, dedicated to the Marquess of Newcastle.

*HbT 65

Autograph

Copy.

Copy of a two-part treatise on optics, A Minute or first Draug[h]t of the Optiques, the first part On Illumination, the second part On Vision, complete with diagrams and a dedication to the Marquess of Newcastle, in the hand of an amanuensis, with some autograph corrections by Hobbes, on 193 quarto pages. Paris, 1646.

NB. Hobbes is known to have used as his amanuensis for this treatise William Petty (1623-87): see Charles Cavendish's letter of 11 November 1645 to William Pell (British Library, Add. MS 4278, f. 207) and John Aubrey (Clark, I, 368).

1646

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 40. A Latin version of the second part of this work was incorporated in De Homine (see HbT 17). The dedication and closing passage of the treatise are printed from this MS in Molesworth, English, VII, 467-71. The treatise is discussed in Franco Alessio, De Homine e A Minute or First Draught of The Optiques di Thomas Hobbes, Rivista critica di storia della filosofia, 17 (Florence, 1962), 393-410.

The British Library: Harley Collection, numbers 3000 through 3999 (Harley MS 3360)

Miscellaneous notes

HbT 66

Miscellaneous notes on physics (including Galileo's theory of gravity), astronomy, and geometry, including notes on Hobbes's draft of De corpore (chapters 12 and 13), all in the hand of the Cavendishes' chaplain Robert Payne (1596-1651).

Early-mid-17th century

The Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House (Hobbes MSS C. iv. 1-7)

HbT 67

Miscellaneous notes on refraction and optics, in the hand of the Cavendishes' chaplain Robert Payne (1596-1651).

Early-mid-17th century

The Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House (Hobbes MSS C. v. 1-4)

HbT 68

Notes on chronology, in two hands, the second that of the Cavendishes' chaplain Robert Payne (1596-1651).

Early-mid-17th century

The Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House (Hobbes MSS C. vi. 1-2)

*HbT 68.5

Autograph

Miscellaneous notes chiefly on arithmetical and geometrical problems, in the hand of the Cavendishes' chaplain Robert Payne (1596-1651), and including autograph notes by Hobbes on fortification.

Early-mid-17th century

The Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House (Hobbes MSS C. vii. 1-12)

A Narration of y^e Proceedings both Publique & Private, concerning y^e Inheritance of y^e Right Hon^ble, William Earle of Devonshire, from y^e time of y^e decease of his Grandfather, to this present

Unpublished.

*HbT 69

Autograph

Copy of A Narration of y^e Proceedings both Publique & Private, concerning y^e Inheritance of y^e Right Hon^ble, William Earle of Devonshire, from y^e time of y^e decease of his Grandfather, to this present, describing the administration of the Cavendish estates from 1625 to 1639 and the part played by Hobbes therein, in the hand of an amanuensis (? Christopher Hallely), signed four times by the third Earl of Devonshire and four times by Hobbes and witnessed by Christopher Hallely, dated 12 April 1639, on eight folio pages.

1639

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 61. This MS recorded in G.C. Robertson, Hobbes (Edinburgh & London, 1886), p. 27n, and in Douglas Bush, Hobbes, William Cavendish, and Essayes, N&Q, 218 (May 1973), 162-4. A passage cited in Hamilton, pp. 446-7 (where the MS is erroneously described as being in Hobbes's handwriting).

The Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House (Hobbes MSS D. 6)

Note of y^e prospective glasses

Unpublished.

HbT 70

MS note of y^e prospective glasses [by Fontana, Torricelli and others] bought of M^r. Hobbes y^e 13th day of Aprill. 1659, in an unidentified hand, on the first page of two conjugate small folio leaves.

1659

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 63.

The Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House (Hobbes MSS E. 3)

Notes and exercises

Unpublished.

HbT 71

A Collection of notes and exercises, chiefly in in the hand of the Cavendishes' chaplain Robert Payne (1596-1651), with diagrams, on c.107 quarto and octavo leaves.

On mathematical and geometrical problems, physics, astronomy, optics, chronology, coinage and military fortification, chiefly in Latin, partly in English and a few pages in French, partly original, chiefly derived from other mathematicians and scientists (including Athanasius Kircher, William Oughtred, Thomas Harriot, Claude Mydorge, Evangelista Torricelli, Bonaventura Cavalieri, Descartes, Henry Briggs, Pappus of Alexandria, Walter Warner, Carlo Renaldini, Simon Stevinus, Galileo, Archimedes, and Kepler).

Mid-17th century

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 55.

The Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House (Hobbes MSS C. i. 1-13)

Notes on geometrical problems

HbT 72

A collection of notes, the first an autograph fragment by Hobbes, the rest in the hand of the Cavendishes' chaplain Robert Payne (1596-1651).

Early-mid-17th century

The Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House (Hobbes MSS C. ii. 1-7)

HbT 73

A collection of notes on proportions and geometrical problems, in the hand of the Cavendishes' chaplain Robert Payne (1596-1651).

The Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House (Hobbes MSS C. iii. 1-11)

Of Passions

Unpublished.

HbT 74

Copy of part of a treatise Of Passions, here beginning They are in generall the beginnings or endeuoures to animal motion…, subscribed parte of M^r: Hobbes his answeare to my brothers quaeres, in the hand of Sir Charles Cavendish.

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 41. This MS quoted in part in Jean Jacquot, Sir Charles Cavendish and his Learned Friends, Annals of Science, 8 (1952), 13-27, 175-91 (p. 189).

A composite volume of papers of Sir Charles Cavendish (1591-1654).

The British Library: Harley Collection, numbers 6000 through 6999 (Harley MS 6083 f. 177r-v)

On church and state

HbT 75

MS of a discussion in French, by P. de la Moulinière, on the relation between Church and State, written partly in refutation of Hobbes's opinion and with reference to Sorbière, headed Les scribes et pharisiens sont assis en la cheze de moyse faittes tout ce qu'ils vous commanderont, in an unidentified hand (possibly De la Moulinière's), on both sides of a single folio leaf.

Mid-17th century

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 67.

The Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House (Hobbes MSS F. 2)

On Refraction

Incorporated in the Tractatus opticus by Hobbes which was printed in Marin Mersenne, Cogitata physico-mathematica (Paris, 1644) [Molesworth, Latin, V, 217-47] and also in Hobbes's other Tractatus opticus (see HbT 91).

*HbT 77

Autograph

Autograph MS of a paper on refraction, endorsed by Walter Warner M^r Hobbes analogy, on two quarto leaves.

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 39. This analogy mentioned by Warner in a letter of 17 October 1634 (British Library, Add. MS 4279, f. 290). Discussed in Jacquot & Jones (1973), pp. 17-18.

A composite volume of papers of Walter Warner (d.1640).

c.1634

The British Library: Additional MSS, numbers 4101 through 4999 (Add. MS 4395 ff. 131r, 133r)

On the municipal constitutions of French cities

Unpublished.

HbT 77.5

Fragment of a treatise in French on the municipal constitutions of French cities, in an unidentified hand, on a single folio leaf paginated 44 and 45.

Mid-17th century

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 68.

The Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House (Hobbes MSS F. 3)

On the rights of sovereignty

First published in Quentin Skinner, Hobbes on Sovereignty: An Unknown Discussion, Political Studies, 13 (1965), 213-18.

HbT 78

Fragment of a formal disputation on the rights of sovereignty, between Hobbes and ? the fourth Earl of Devonshire, the text beginning in the hand of the third Earl of Devonshire, with an answer in the hand of one of Hobbes's amanuenses (James Wheldon), on the first two pages (numbered 9 and 10) of two conjugate quarto leaves, endorsed Questions relative to Hereditary Right. M^r Hobbes.

c.1670s

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 60. Edited from this MS, and discussed, in Skinner.

The Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House (Hobbes MSS D. 5)

On virtue and religion

Unpublished.

HbT 79

Fragment of an untitled tract, on the relationship between virtue and religion (beginning That vertue & religion are essentially the same…), possibly composed by Hobbes, the hand possibly that of a member of the Cavendish family, on a single half-folio leaf.

Mid-17th century

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 59.

The Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House (Hobbes MSS D. 4)

Oughtred, William. A Most Easy Way for the Delineation of plain Sundials only by Geometry

Published in 1647.

HbT 80

Copy of the treatise by William Oughtred (1575-1660), in at least one professional hand, with diagrams, and with annotations in the hand of the Cavendishes' chaplain Robert Payne (1596-1651), on seven quarto pages.

Mid-17th century

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 50.

The Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House (Hobbes MSS B. 2)

Proposal concerning the English Navy

Proposal by Hobbes for persuading the Lord High Admiral, Robert Rich, second Earl of Warwick, to bring the English Navy over to King Charles I. Unpublished.

*HbT 81 c.August 1648

Autograph

Autograph, docketed by Sir Richard Browne Propositions. E. of Warwick &ct. T.H.

A composite volume of state papers, principally relating to the Civil War, 159 leaves.

Volume XXXVIII of the Evelyn Papers.

The British Library: Additional MSS, numbers 60000 through end (Add. MS 78205 ff. 108r-9v)

A Proposition To find two meane proportionalls betweene two straight lines

Published in Christiaan Huygens, Oeuvres Complètes, III (The Hague, 1890), 339-43.

HbT 82

Copy of M^r Hobbs's Proposition To find two meane proportionalls betweene two straight lines Given, with diagrams, subscribed By y^e Kings Order Brought in By S^r Paul Neile Sept: y^e 4th. 1661 & Register'd Octob: y^e 1st, the text followed (pp. 101-2) by Viscount Brouncker's answer.

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 76.

A folio register book of scientific papers submitted to the Royal Society in 1661-2, largely in two professional hands, with (pp. 217-21) a later Table of contents subscribed R. Waller: 1687, 221 pages (plus blanks), in old reversed calf (rebacked).

1661-87

Royal Society, London (Register Book 1 pp. 98-100)

HbT 83

Copy of HbT 82, as by M^r. Hobbs, subscribed Brought in by S^r. Paul Neile Sept. 4^th. 1661. Registred October 1^st.

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 77.

A folio duplicate of Register Books 1 and 2 (in part) of scientific papers submitted to the Royal Society in 1660-62, in a single professional hand, 343 pages plus a six-page Catalogue of contents at the beginning and an eleven-page index at the end, in modern calf.

Early-mid-18th century

Royal Society, London (Register Book Copy 1 pp. 101-3)

HbT 84

Copy of HbT 82, as by M^r: Hobbs.

A folio copy of Register Books 1 and 2 (incomplete) of scientific papers submitted to the Royal Society in 1661-63, in a single professional hand, 536 pages, with a two-page table of contents at the beginning, in old reversed calf.

Late 17th-early 18th century

Inscribed inside the front cover as having been given by G. S. Heales of Doctors' Commons to Sir Joseph Banks, Bt (1743-1820), naturalist, President of the Royal Society, on 31 May 1814.

Royal Society, London (MS 776 pp. 90-2)

HbT 85

Copy of HbT 82.

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 78.

A folio transcript of the Royal Society Register Book, 520 leaves.

After 1661

The British Library: Sloane Collection (Sloane MS 243 ff. 68r-72r)

HbT 86

Copy of HbT 82, in the hand of William, second Viscount Brouncker (1620?-84), first President of the Royal Society, sent by Robert Moray to Christiaan Huygens, 23 September 1661.

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 79. Edited from this MS in Huygens.

MS volume.

University of Leiden (MS Hug: 45 ff. 895r-6v)

HbT 87

Copy of HbT 82, in the hand of Michael Weeks, Clerk of the Royal Society, in his transcript of part of the Royal Society Register Book.

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 80.

Papers of Sir Joseph Williamson (1633-1701).

National Archives, Kew (SP 9/7/19 pp. 158, 159-61)

A Short Tract on First Principles

First published, as A Short Tract on First Principles, and attributed to Hobbes, in The Elements of Law, Natural and Politic, ed. Ferdinand Tönnies (London, 1889; reprinted 1969), Appendix I, pp. 193-210. The authorship subsequently disputed and the tract attributed to Robert Payne: see Timothy Raylor, Hobbes, Payne, and A Short Tract on First Principles, The Historical Journal, 33 (2001), 29-58.

*HbT 88 c.1630

Autograph

MS, in the hand of the Cavendishes' chaplain Robert Payne (1596-1651), untitled, on 12 folio leaves.

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 43. Edited from this MS, as if a Hobbes holograph, in Tönnies. Facsimile of f. 297r, in Raylor, p. 40.

A folio composite volume of philosophical tracts, owned, at least in part, by Sir Charles Cavendish (1591-1654) and possibly containing MSS sent to him from Paris by Marin Mersenne.

c.1640s

The British Library: Harley Collection, numbers 6000 through 6999 (Harley MS 6796 ff. 297r-308r)

Three propositions relating to triangles

Unpublished.

HbT 89

MS of a proof by Hobbes of three propositions relating to triangles, in Latin, on three folio pages.

Sotheby's, 24 April 1934, lot 408, to Ulysses.

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 81.

Untraced, miscellaneous ([Ulysses MS])

Thomas White's De Mundo Examined

HbT 90

Copy of an untitled and extensive Latin treatise by Hobbes, constituting a detailed critique of Thomas White's treatise De mundo (Paris, 1642) and containing early versions of a number of passages in De Corpore (see HbT 14-16), in two scribal hands, with corrections in the hand of Père Marin Mersenne (1588-1648), on 459 leaves (plus blanks).

c.1643-5

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 36. Edited from this MS in Jacquot & Jones (1973); English translation by Jones published as Thomas White's De Mundo Examined (Bradford, 1976). Discussed earlier by Jean Jacquot in Notes on an Unpublished Work of Thomas Hobbes, Notes & Records of the Royal Society of London, 9 (1952), 188-95.

Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris (fonds latin 6566A)

Tractatus opticus

An untitled treatise in Latin, a modified and expanded version of the Tractatus opticus published in 1644 (see HbT 39). Unpublished complete.

*HbT 91

Autograph

Copy, complete with diagrams, in the hand of the Parisian scribe, with possibly Hobbes's autograph corrections, revisions and marginal annotations, on 74 folio leaves.

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 42. Extracts edited from this MS in The Elements of Law, Natural and Politic, ed. Ferdinand Tönnies (London, 1889; reprinted 1969), Appendix II, pp. 211-26. Discussed in Jean Bernhardt, La polémique de Hobbes contre la Dioptrique de Descartes dans le Tractatus Opticus II (1644), Revue internationale de philosophie, 129 (1979), 432-42, and in Raylor, EMS 12, with a facsimile of f. 201r on p. 202.

A folio composite volume of philosophical tracts, owned, at least in part, by Sir Charles Cavendish (1591-1654) and possibly containing MSS sent to him from Paris by Marin Mersenne.

c.1640s

The British Library: Harley Collection, numbers 6000 through 6999 (Harley MS 6796 ff. 193r-266v)

Viète, François. Harmonicon coeleste

Unpublished.

*HbT 92 c.1640s

Autograph

Copy of part of Vieta's treatise, in the hand of the Cavendishes' chaplain Robert Payne (1596-1651), with diagrams added in Hobbes's hand.

Discussed, with a facsimile of p. 31v, in Noel Malcolm, Hobbes, the Latin Optical Manuscript, and the Parisian Scribe, EMS, 12 (2005). 210-32 (p. 212).

A volume of papers of John Pell.

The British Library: Additional MSS, numbers 4101 through 4999 (Add. MS 4417 ff. 26r-37r)

Warner, Walter. De tactionibus

Unpublished treatise on geometry.

*HbT 93

Autograph

Copy of the treatise by Walter Warner (c.1558-1643), mathematician and natural philosopher, in the hand of the Cavendishes' chaplain Robert Payne (1596-1651), with diagrams, on 21 folio pages.

Mid-17th century

Formerly cited in IELM, II.i (1987) as HbT 53.

The Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House (Hobbes MSS B. 5)

Letters

Letter(s)

HbT 94 c.1628

Copy of a letter by Hobbes, to Christina Cavendish, Countess of Devonshire (accompanying a draft of a dedication to her husband), from London, 6[/16] November 1628.

Edited in Tönnies, Analekten, pp. 291-2. Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 6, Letter 2.

A duodecimo volume of copies of letters by various correspondents to William Sancroft (1617-93), Archbishop of Canterbury, manuscript collector, copied by him while at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 23 leaves.

c.1633-42

Bodleian Library, Rawlinson Collection, other shelfmarks (MS Rawl. D. 1104 f. 15v)

HbT 95 c.1628

Copy of a letter by Hobbes, to Christina Cavendish, Countess of Devonshire (accompanying a draft of a dedication to her husband), from London, 6[/16] November 1628.

Edited in Tönnies, Analekten, pp. 291-2. Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 6, Letter 2.

An octavo volume comprising two letters and a Latin tract, 82 leaves.

Bodleian Library, Rawlinson Collection, other shelfmarks (MS Rawl. C. 232 ff. 79r-78v rev.)

HbT 96 c.5/15 March 1629/30

Copy, in a neat mixed hand, of a letter by Hobbes, to my M^{^r}. [Sir Gervase Clifton], [from Paris],

Edited in Molesworth, English, VII, 451. Reprinted in de Beer, pp. 199-200.

A folio composite volume of letters and state papers, in various professional largely secretary hands, ff. 80r-160v an imperfect single unit, 346 leaves, in modern half red morocco gilt.

c.1630s

Inscribed (f. 3r) Sum Ed: Umfrevile Jan^rio 1727: i.e. Edward Umfreville (1702?-(1702?-86), collector of legal manuscripts.

The British Library: Lansdowne MSS (Lansdowne MS 238 f. 151v)

*HbT 97

Autograph

Autograph letter signed, to Sir Gervase Clifton, 19/29 April 1630.

1630

Edited in de Beer, pp. 200-1. Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 10-11, Letter 4.

University of Nottingham (Cl C 561)

*HbT 98

Autograph

Autograph letter signed by Hobbes, to Sir Gervase Clifton, from Geneva, 10/20 May 1630.

1630

Edited in de Beer, pp. 202-3. Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 13, Letter 5.

University of Nottingham (Cl C 560)

*HbT 99

Autograph

Autograph letter signed by Hobbes, to Robert Leeke, from Orléans, 30 June/10 July 1630.

1630

Edited in de Beer, pp. 203-4. Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 15, Letter 6.

University of Nottingham (Cl C 562)

*HbT 100

Autograph

Autograph letter signed by Hobbes, to Robert Leeke, from Orléans, 25 July/4 August 1630.

1630

Edited in de Beer, pp. 204-5. Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 16, Letter 7.

University of Nottingham (Cl C 563)

*HbT 101

Autograph

Autograph letter signed by Hobbes, to Sir Gervase Clifton, from Hardwick, 2/12 November 1630.

1630

Edited in de Beer, p. 205. Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 17, Letter 8.

University of Nottingham (Cl C 566)

*HbT 102

Autograph

Autograph letter signed, to Sir Gervase clifton, from Loughborough, 23 November/3 December 1632.

1632

Substantially edited in HMC, 55, Various Collections, VII (1914), p. 401. Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 18, Letter 9.

University of Nottingham (Cl C 198)

*HbT 103 1634

Autograph

Autograph letter signed by Hobbes, to William Cavendish, Earl of Newcastle, from London, 26 January[/5 February] 1633/4.

Substantially edited in HMC, Portland II (1893), p. 124. Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 19-20, Letter 10.

A folio guardbook of letters and papers, in various hands, i + 358 leaves.

The British Library: Additional MSS, numbers 60000 through end (Add. MS 70499 ff. 172r-3r)

*HbT 104

Autograph

Autograph letter signed by Hobbes, to Sir Gervase Clifton, from London, 27 March[/6 April] 1634.

1634

Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 21, Letter 11.

University of Nottingham (Cl C 199)

*HbT 105

Autograph

A letter (autograph?) by Hobbes, to an unidentified friend in England, from Paris, 21/31 October 1634.

1634

Once belonging to Dr William Standfast, rector of Clifton, Nottinghamshire.

Edited in F. Peck, Desiderata Curiosa, 2 vols (London, 1732-5), I, Book 6, No. X. Reprinted in Molesworth, English, VII, 452-3. Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 22-3, Letter 12.

Untraced, miscellaneous ([Hobbes letter (I)])

*HbT 106

Autograph

Autograph letter signed by Hobbes, to Sir Gervase Clifton, from Paris, 20/30 January 1634/5.

1635

Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 25, Letter 13.

University of Nottingham (Cl C 564)

*HbT 107

Autograph

Autograph letter signed, to Sir Gervase Clifton, from Paris, 21 April/1 May 1635.

1635

Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 26, Letter 14.

University of Nottingham (Cl C 565)

*HbT 108 1635

Autograph

Autograph letter signed by Hobbes, [to the Earl of Newcastle]. from Paris, 15/25 August 1635.

Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 28-9. Letter 16.

A folio guardbook of letters and papers, in various hands, i + 358 leaves.

The British Library: Additional MSS, numbers 60000 through end (Add. MS 70499 ff. 184r-5v)

HbT 109

Letter (autograph?) by Hobbes, to Mr [?George] Glen, from Florence, 6/16 April 1636.

1636

Once belonging to Dr William Standfast, rector of Clifton, Nottinghamshire.

Edited in F. Peck, Desiderata Curiosa, 2 vols (London, 1732-5), I, Book 6, No. XI. Reprinted in Molesworth, English, VII, 454-5. Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 30-1, Letter 17.

Untraced, miscellaneous ([Hobbes letter (II)])

*HbT 110 1636

Autograph

Autograph letter signed by Hobbes, to the Earl of Newcastle, from Paris, 13/23 June 1636.

Substantially edited in HMC, portland II (1893), p. 128. Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 32-3, Letter 18.

A folio guardbook of letters and papers, in various hands, i + 358 leaves.

The British Library: Additional MSS, numbers 60000 through end (Add. MS 70499 ff. 202r-3v)

*HbT 111 1636

Autograph

Autograph letter signed by Hobbes, to William Cavendish, Earl of Newcastle, from Paris, 29 July/8 August 1636.

Substantially edited in HMC, Portland II (1893), pp. 128-9. Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 33-4, Letter 19.

A folio guardbook of letters and papers, in various hands, i + 358 leaves.

The British Library: Additional MSS, numbers 60000 through end (Add. MS 70499 ff. 210r-11v)

*HbT 112 1636

Autograph

Autograph letter signed by Hobbes, to William Cavendish, Earl of Newcastle, from Byfleet, 16[/26] October 1636.

Substantially edited in HMC, Portland II (1893), pp. 129-30. Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 37-8, Letter 21.

A folio guardbook of letters and papers, in various hands, i + 358 leaves.

The British Library: Additional MSS, numbers 60000 through end (Add. MS 70499 ff. 212r-13r)

*HbT 113 1636

Autograph

Autograph letter signed by Hobbes, to William Cavendish, Earl of Newcastle, from Byfleet, 25 October/[5 November] 1636.

Substantially edited in HMC, Portland II (1893), p. 130. Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 39, Letter 22.

A folio guardbook of letters and papers, in various hands, i + 358 leaves.

The British Library: Additional MSS, numbers 60000 through end (Add. MS 70499 ff. 214r-15v)

*HbT 114 1637

Autograph

Autograph letter signed by Hobbes, to William Cavendish, Earl of Newcastle, from Byfleet, 25 December 1636/[4 January 1637].

Substantially edited in HMC, Portland II (1893), p. 130. Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 41, Letter 24.

A folio guardbook of letters and papers, in various hands, i + 358 leaves.

The British Library: Additional MSS, numbers 60000 through end (Add. MS 70499 ff. 216r-17v)

HbT 115 1638

Copy of a letter by Hobbes, to Charles Cavendish, from Chatsworth, 22 August/[1 September] 1638.

Edited in Tönnies, Analekten, pp. 294-6. Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 52-3, Letter 28.

An octavo volume comprising two letters and a Latin tract, 82 leaves.

Bodleian Library, Rawlinson Collection, other shelfmarks (MS Rawl. C. 232 ff. 82v-79v rev.)

HbT 116 1638

Copy of a letter by Hobbes, to Charles Cavendish, from Chatsworth, 22 August/[1 September] 1638.

Edited in Tönnies, Analekten, pp. 294-6. Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 52-3, Letter 28.

c.1633-42

Bodleian Library, Rawlinson Collection, other shelfmarks (MS Rawl. D. 1104 ff. 14r-15v)

*HbT 117 1641

Autograph

Autograph letter signed by Hobbes, to Sir Charles Cavendish, from Paris, 29 January/8 February 1640/1.

Edited in Molesworth, English, VII, 455-62, and in Mersenne, Correspondance, X (1967), 501-6. Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 80-5, Letter 31.

Facsimiles of f. 291r in Isographie des hommes célèbres ou collection de fac-simile de lettres autographes et de signatures, 3 vols (Paris, 1828-30), Vol. II; of f. 292v in Raylor, Historical Journal (2001), p. 36; and of f. 293v in Greg, English Literary Autographs, Plate LXXXVI.

A folio composite volume of philosophical tracts, owned, at least in part, by Sir Charles Cavendish (1591-1654) and possibly containing MSS sent to him from Paris by Marin Mersenne.

c.1640s

The British Library: Harley Collection, numbers 6000 through 6999 (Harley MS 6796 ff. 291r-5r)

*HbT 118 1641

Autograph

Letter in Latin, in the hand of an amanuensis with autograph corrections and signed by Hobbes, to Mersenne for Descartes, from Paris, [20/]30 March 1640/1.

Edited in Tönnies, Analekten, pp. 153-9. Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 102-13, Letter 34, with English translation.

A composite volume of correspondence of Marin Mersenne (1588-1648), natural philosopher, assembled by his biographer Hilarion de Coste.

Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris (fonds français n° 6206 ff. 1r-4v)

*HbT 119 1641

Autograph

Autograph letter signed by Hobbes, to John, first Viscount Scudamore, from Paris, 2/12 April 1641.

Edited in Perez Zagorin, Thomas Hobbes's Departure from England in 1640. An Unpublished Letter, Historical Journal, 21 (1978), 156-60. Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 114-15, Letter 35.

A folio composite volume of letters and papers relating to John, first Lord Scudamore (1619-71).

Volume IV of the Scudamore Papers of Hom-Lacy and Ballingham, Herefordshire.

The British Library: Additional MSS, numbers 10000 through 14999 (Add. MS 11044 ff. 180r-1v)

*HbT 120

Autograph

Autograph letter signed by Hobbes, to the Earl of Devonshire, from Paris, [1/]11 June 1641.

1641

Later in the collection of William and Thomas Bateman, of Lomberdale House, Youlgrave, Derbyshire. Sotheby's, 3 June 1893 (Bateman sale), lot 143, to Pearson.

Recorded in Malcolm & Tolonen, p. 486.

Untraced, miscellaneous ([Hobbes letter (III)])

*HbT 121

Autograph

Autograph letter signed, to the Earl of Devonshire, from Paris, 23 July/2 August 1641.

1641

Sotheby's, 9 May 1840 (Thomas Lloyd sale), lot 95, to Thorpe. Owned by Sir William Molesworth, Bt (1810-55) and/or his sister, Mary Ford (née Molesworth, 1816-1910), of Pencarrow, Cornwall. Sotheby's, 8 December 1999 (Pencarrow sale), lot 32, to Quaritch, with a facsimile in the sale catalogue.

Unfolding facsimile in Molesworth, English, I, after p.v. Edited in Tönnies, Analekten, pp. 302-3 (erroneously citing the source as British Library, Harley MS 6796). Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 120-1, letter 37.

Estate of Robert S Pirie, New York ([Hobbes letter])

*HbT 122

Autograph

Autograph letter signed by Hobbes, to Edmund Waller, from Rouen, [29 July/]8 August 1645.

1645

Later owned by Major W.R. Waller. Sotheby's, 18 December 1995, lot 106, to Dr Schram. Christie's, 3 July 2007 (Dr Albin Schram sale), lot 508. Facsimiles in both sale catalogues.

Edited in Philip R. Wikelund, Thus I passe my time in this place: An Unpublished Letter of Thomas Hobbes, ELN, 6 (1968-9), 263-8. Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 124, Letter 39.

Untraced, miscellaneous ([Hobbes letter (IV)])

HbT 123 1646

Copy of a letter by Hobbes, in Latin, to Samuel-Joseph Sorbière, from Paris, [6/]16 May 1646.

Edited in Sorbière, Illustrium (1669), pp. 573(bis)-5(bis), and in Tönnies, Sorbière, pp. 67-8; in Robertson, pp. 304-5; and in Mersenne, XIV (1980), 280-1. Malcolm, I, 125-7, Letter 40, with English translation. Translation also in Warrender, De Cive: Latin, pp. 300-1.

Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris (fonds latin 10352, Vol. II ff. 79v-80r)

HbT 124 1646

Copy of a letter by Hobbes, in Latin, to Sorbière, from Paris, 22 May/1 June 1646.

Edited in Tönnies, Sorbière, pp. 68-70; in Robertson, pp. 306-7; and in Mersenne, Correspondance, XIV (1980), 303-4. Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 131-3, Letter 42, with English translation. Translation also in Warrender, De Cive: Latin, pp. 302-3.

Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris (fonds latin 10352, Vol. II ff. 80v-1r)

HbT 125 1646

Copy of a letter by Hobbes, in Latin, to Sorbière, from St Germain, [24 September/]4 October 1646.

Edited in Tönnies, Sorbière, pp. 193-4; in Robertson, pp. 307-8; and in Mersenne, Correspondance, XIV (1980), 504. Malcolm, I, 138-40, Letter 45, with English translation. Translation also in Warrender, pp. 304-5.

Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris (fonds latin 10352, Vol. II ff. 84v-5r)

HbT 126 1646

Copy of a letter by Hobbes, in Latin, to Sorbière, from St Germain, [12/] 22 October 1646.

Edited in Tönnies, Sorbière, pp. 195-6; in Robertson, pp. 309-10; and in Mersenne, Correspondance, XIV (1980), 558. Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 141-4, Letter 46, with English translation. Translation also in Warrender, De Cive: Latin, pp. 305-6.

Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris (fonds latin 10352, Vol. II ff. 85v-6r)

HbT 127 1646

Copy of a letter by Hobbes, in Latin, to Samuel-Joseph Sorbière, from Paris, [1/]11 November 1646.

Tönnies, Sorbière, p. 196; in Robertson, p. 310; in Mersenne, Correspondance, XIV (1980), 603. Malcolm, I, 146-7, Letter 48, with English translation. English translation (with date erroneously given as 3 November) also in Warrender, pp. 307-8.

Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris (fonds latin 10352, Vol. II f. 87v)

HbT 128 1647

Copy of a letter by Hobbes, in Latin, to Sorbière, from Paris, [18/]28 February 1646/7.

Edited in Tönnies, Sorbière, p. 197; in Robertson, pp. 310-11. Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 152-3, Letter 50, with English translation. Translation also in Warrender, De Cive: Latin, pp. 308-9.

Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris (fonds latin 10352, Vol. II ff. 88v-9r)

HbT 129 1647

Copy of a letter by Hobbes, in Latin, to Samuel-Joseph Sorbière, from Paris, [12/]22 March 1646/7.

Edited in Tönnies, Sorbière, pp. 199-200; in Robertson, pp. 312-14. Malcolm, I, 155-9, Letter 52, with English translation. Translation also in Warrender, De Cive: Latin , pp. 310-12.

Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris (fonds latin 10352, Vol. II ff. 91r-v)

HbT 130 1647

Copy of a letter by Hobbes, in Latin, to Samuel-Joseph Sorbière, from St Germain, [17/]27 November 1647.

Edited in Tönnies, Sorbière, pp. 206-7; in Robertson, pp. 314-15, and in Mersenne, Correspondance, XV (1983), 552-3. Malcolm, I, 163-4, Letter 56, with English translation. Translation also in Warrender, De Cive: Latin, pp. 314-15.

Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris (fonds latin 10352, Vol. II f. 93v)

HbT 131 1648

Copy of a letter by Hobbes, in Latin, to Mersenne, from St Germain, [7/]17 February 1647/8.

Edited in Tönnies, Analekten, pp. 172-4; in Mersenne, Correspondance, XVI, 107-10. Malcolm, I, 165-6, Letter 57, with English translation.

A composite volume of correspondence of Marin Mersenne (1588-1648), natural philosopher, assembled by his biographer Hilarion de Coste.

Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris (fonds français n° 6206 ff. 143r-4v)

*HbT 132

Autograph

Autograph letter signed by Hobbes, to the Earl of Devonshire, from St Germain, 2/12 May 1648.

1648

Sotheby's, 16 December 1824, lot 142, to Triphook. Puttick and Simpson's, 2 March 1870 (Jacob Henry Burn sale), lot 212, to Addington. Sotheby's, 24 April 1876 (Addington sale), lot 170, to Goupil. Then in the collection of Alfred Morrison (1821-97), manuscript and art collector. Sotheby's, 13 December 1917 (Morrison sale), lot 512, to Captain Lindsay.

Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 169-71, Letter 58. Facsimile in Catalogue of the Collection of…Alfred Morrison, II (1885), Plate 89, facing p. 296.

Untraced, miscellaneous ([Hobbes letter (V)])

*HbT 133 1648

Autograph

Autograph letter signed by Hobbes, in French, to Marin Mersenne, from St Germain, [15/]25 May 1648.

Sotheby's, 17 March 1875, lot 83, to Naylor.

Facsimile in Maggs's sale catalogue No. 471 (1925), item 2835, Plate XVII, opposite p. 136. Edited from this reproduction and discussed in Harcourt Browne, The Mersenne Correspondence: A Lost Letter by Thomas Hobbes, Isis, 34 (1942-3), 311-12. Also discussed in I. Bernard Cohen, A Lost Letter from Hobbes to Mersenne Found, HLB, 1 (1947), 112-13. Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 172-3, Letter 59, with English translation.

A file of miscellaneous autograph signatures.

Harvard, other MSS (Autograph File [unnumbered item])

*HbT 134 1648

Autograph

Autograph letter signed by Hobbes, In French, to Mersenne, from St Germain, [9/]19 June 1648.

Edited in Tönnies, Analekten, pp. 174-5. Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 173-5, Letter 60, with English translation.

A composite volume of correspondence of Marin Mersenne (1588-1648), natural philosopher, assembled by his biographer Hilarion de Coste.

Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris (fonds français n° 6206 f. 73r)

HbT 135 1649

Copy of a letter by Hobbes, in Latin, to Samuel-Joseph Sorbière, from Paris, [4/]14 June 1649.

Edited in Sorbière, Illustrium (1669), pp. 571(bis)-2(bis); in Tönnies, Sorbière, pp. 207-8; and in Robertson, p. 315. Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 176-7, Letter 61, with English translation.

Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris (fonds latin 10352, Vol. II f. 100r)

*HbT 136 1649

Autograph

Autograph letter signed by Hobbes, in Latin, to Pierre Gassendi, from Paris, [12/]22 September 1649.

Edited (with date erroneously given as 21 September) in Gassendi, Opera omnia (Lyons, 1658), VI, p. 522A. Reprinted in Molesworth, Latin, V, 307. Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 178-9, Letter 62, with English translation.

Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris (fonds latin 1637 ff. 189r-90v)

*HbT 137 1649

Autograph

Fragment of an autograph letter by Hobbes, to Sir Charles Cavendish, [from Paris], [late September 1649].

Malcolm, Correspondence, II, 776, Letter 62A.

A composite volume of papers of Sir Charles Cavendish (1591-1654).

The British Library: Harley Collection, numbers 6000 through 6999 (Harley MS 6083 f. 85v)

*HbT 138

Autograph

Autograph letter signed by Hobbes, in French, to Pierre Gassendi, from London, 10/20 July 1654.

1654

Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 184-5, Letter 66.

Historical Society of Pennsylvania (Gratz Collection, Authors, Case 10, Box 30, [unnumbered item])

HbT 139 1657

Copy of a letter by Hobbes, in Latin, to Samuel-Joseph Sorbière, from London 29 December[/8 January] 1656/7.

Edited in Sorbière, Illustrium (1669), pp. 575-1(bis); in Tönnies, Sorbière, pp. 209-10. Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 427-30, Letter 112, with English translation. English translation also in Warrender, De Cive: Latin , p. 315.

Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris (fonds latin 10352, Vol. II ff. 136v-7r)

HbT 140 1657

Copy of a letter by Hobbes, in Latin, to Samuel-Joseph Sorbière, from London, 6[/16] February 1656/7.

Edited in Tönnies, Sorbière, pp. 210-12. Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 442-6, letter 117, with English translation.

Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris (fonds latin 10352, Vol. II ff. 140r-1v)

HbT 141 1657

Copy of a letter by Hobbes, in Latin, to Samuel-Joseph Sorbière, from London, 10[/20] February 1656/7.

Edited in Tönnies, Sorbière, pp. 212-13. Malcolm, Correspondence, I, 447-8, Letter 118, with English translation.

Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris (fonds latin 10352, Vol. II f. 141v)

HbT 142 1660

Copy of a letter by Hobbes, in Latin, to Samuel-Joseph Sorbière, [from London?], 23 January[/2 February] 1659/60.

Edited in Sorbière, Illustrium (1669), pp. 572(bis)-3(bis); in Tönnies, Sorbière, p. 213. Malcolm, Correspondence, II, 513-14, Letter 140, with English translation.

Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris (fonds latin 10352, Vol. II f. 149r)

HbT 143 1662

Copy.of a letter by Hobbes, in Latin, to Samuel-Joseph Sorbière, from London, 3[/13] March 1661/2.

Edited in Sorbière, Illustrium (1669), pp. 590-1; in Tönnies, Sorbière, pp. 213-14. Malcolm, Correspondence, II, 525-6, Letter 146, with English translation.

Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris (fonds latin 10352, Vol. II f. 158v)

HbT 144 1663

Letter by Hobbes, entirely in the hand of his amanuensis James Wheldon, to John Aubrey, from Chatsworth, 7[/17] September 1663.

Edited in Tönnies, Analekten, pp. 309-10. Malcolm, Correspondence, II, 555, Letter 153.

A folio composite volume of letters to John Aubrey, ii + 357 leaves.

Bodleian Library, other MSS (MS Aubrey 12 ff. 162r-3v)

HbT 145 c.1663

Copy of Hobbes's letter to John Aubrey, from Chatsworth, 7[/17] September 1663.

Recorded in Malcolm, Correspondence, Letter 153.

A quarto volume of copies of correspondence of John Aubrey, FRS (1626-97), antiquary and biographer, transcribed from originals in the Bodleian Library.

Early 19th century

The British Library: Egerton MSS (Egerton MS 2231 f. 191r-v)

HbT 146 1663

Copy of a letter by Hobbes, in Latin, to Samuel-Joseph Sorbière, from Hardwick, 30 November[/10 December] 1663.

Edited in Sorbière, Illustrium (1669), pp. 575(bis)-7(bis); in Tönnies, Sorbière, pp. 216-17. Malcolm, Correspondence, II, 576-8, Letter 160, with English translation.

Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris (fonds latin 10352, Vol. II ff. 177r-8r)

HbT 147 1663

Copy of a letter by Hobbes, in Latin, to Samuel-Joseph Sorbière, 19[/29] December 1663.

Edited in Tönnies, Sorbière, pp. 215-16. Malcolm, Correspondence, II, 578-84, Letter 161, with English translation.

Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris (fonds latin 10352, Vol. II ff. 162v-4r)

HbT 148 1664

Copy of a letter by Hobbes, in Latin, to Samuel-Joseph Sorbière, from London, 7[/17] March 1663[/4].

Edited in Tönnies, Sorbière, pp. 214-15. Malcolm, Correspondence, II, 596-9, Letter 164, with English translation.

Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris (fonds latin 10352, Vol. II ff. 161v-2r)

HbT 149 1664

Letter by Hobbes, entirely in the hand of his amanuensis James Wheldon, 30 June/[10 July] 1664.

Edited (with the date erroneously given as 1661) in Tönnies, Analekten, p. 312. Malcolm, Correspondence, II, 620-1, Letter 167.

A folio composite volume of letters to John Aubrey, ii + 357 leaves.

Bodleian Library, other MSS (MS Aubrey 12 ff. 164r-5v)

HbT 150 c.1664

Copy of Hobbes's letter to John Aubrey, from London, 30 July[/10 July] 1664.

Recorded in Malcolm, Correspondence, Letter 167.

A quarto volume of copies of correspondence of John Aubrey, FRS (1626-97), antiquary and biographer, transcribed from originals in the Bodleian Library.

Early 19th century

The British Library: Egerton MSS (Egerton MS 2231 f. 192r)

*HbT 151

Autograph

Letter by Hobbes, in the hand of his amanuensis James Wheldon and signed by Hobbes, to Joseph Williamson, from Latimers, 9[/19] June 1667.

1667

Malcolm, Correspondence, II, 692, Letter 178.

National Archives, Kew (SP 29/204/1)

HbT 152

Letter by Hobbes, entirely in the hand of his amanuensis James Wheldon, to Joseph Williamson, 30 June[/10 July] 1668.

1668

Malcolm, Correspondence, II, 699, letter 181.

National Archives, Kew (SP 29/242/79)

HbT 153

Copy of a letter by Hobbes, in an unidentified hand, to Mr Brooke, from Chatsworth, 20[/30] October 1668, and read to the Royal Society on 10 December 1668.

1668

Edited (with the addressee erroneously given as Mr Beale) in Molesworth, English, VII, 463-4. Malcolm, Correspondence, II, 701-2, Letter 183.

Royal Society, London (H. 1. 105)

HbT 154 1668

Formal copy of Hobbes's letter to Mr Brooke, from Chatsworth, 20[/30] October 1668, which was read to the Royal Society on 10 December 1668.

Recorded in Malcolm, Correspondence, Letter 183.

MS.

Royal Society, London (Letter Book 2 pp. 286-7)

*HbT 155

Autograph

Autograph (?) letter signed by Hobbes, to the Rt Hon. Edward Howard, from Chatsworth, 24 October[/3 November] 1668.

1668

Formerly among the Egerton-Warburton muniments at Arley Hall, Cheshire (dispersed in 1937).

Edited in Molesworth English, IV, 458-60. Summarized in HMC, 3rd Report (1872), Appendix, p. 291. A slightly abbreviated version, dated 6 November 1668, was printed in Edward Howard, The British Princes (London, 1669), sig. a7^v-a8^r. Malcolm, Correspondence, II, 704-5, Letter 184.

Untraced, miscellaneous ([Hobbes letter (VI)])

HbT 156

Letter by Hobbes, in Latin, entirely in the hand of his amanuensis James Wheldon, to Cosimo de' Medici, from London, 6[/16] August 1669.

1669

Listed by E.G. Jacoby in Tönnies, Studien, p. 373. Malcolm, Correspondence, II, 710-11, Letter 187, with English translation.

Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Florence (MS Gal. 286, ff. 50r, 52v)

HbT 157

Letter by Hobbes, entirely in the hand of his amanuensis James Wheldon, to Henry Oldenburg, Secretary of the Royal Society, 26 November[/16 December] 1672.

1672

Edited in Molesworth, English, VII, 465-6. Malcolm, Correspondence, II, 725-6, Letter 191.

Royal Society, London (H. 3. 20)

HbT 158 1673

Copy, in the hand of John Aubrey, of a letter by Hobbes, to Josias Pullen, Vice-President of Magdalen Hall, Oxford, from London, 1[/11] February 1672/3.

Edited from this MS in Clark, I, 377-8. Malcolm, Correspondence, II, 729, Letter 193.

c.1680-1

Bodleian Library, other MSS (MS Aubrey 9 f. 8r)

HbT 159 c.1673

Copy of Hobbes's letter to Josias Pullen, Vice-President of Magdalen Hall, Oxford, from London, 1[/11] February 1672/3.

Recorded in Malcolm, Correspondence, Letter 193.

A quarto volume of copies of correspondence of John Aubrey, FRS (1626-97), antiquary and biographer, transcribed from originals in the Bodleian Library.

Early 19th century

The British Library: Egerton MSS (Egerton MS 2231 f. 204r)

HbT 160 c.1673

Copy, in the hand of Sir George Ent, of Hobbes's letter to Josias Pullen, Vice-President of Magdalen Hall, Oxford, from London, 1[/11] February 1672/3.

Recorded in Malcolm, Correspondence, Letter 193.

A folio miscellany of verse and prose, in English and Latin, in a single neat hand but for additions in other hands on pp. 183-226, 226 pages (including numerous blanks), in modern cloth.

Compiled by Sir George Ent (1604-89), physician, a founding member of the Royal Society, to whom is addressed an inscription, sending the last item in the volume, on p. 226.

c.1674-80

Royal Society, London (MS 83 p. 95)

HbT 161 1675

Letter by Hobbes, entirely in the hand of his amanuensis James Wheldon, to John Aubrey, from Hardwick, 24 February[/16 March] 1674[/5].

Cited in Quentin Skinner, Thomas Hobbes and the Nature of the Early Royal Society, Historical Journal, 12 (1969), 217-39 (pp. 217-19). Malcolm, Correspondence, II, 751-2, Letter 198.

A tall folio composite volume of miscellaneous correspondence of Sir William Petty, in various hands, iv + 310 leaves, in 19th-century morocco gilt.

Formerly Petty Papers, Vol. 6, 1st and 2nd series.

The British Library: Additional MSS, numbers 60000 through end (Add. MS 72850 ff. 134r-5v)

HbT 162 c.1675

Copy, in Aubrey's hand, of Hobbes's letter to him, from Hardwick, 24 February[/16 March] 1674/5.

Edited from this MS Tönnies, Analekten, pp. 313-14. Recorded in Malcolm, Correspondence, Letter 198.

A folio composite volume of letters to John Aubrey, ii + 357 leaves.

Bodleian Library, other MSS (MS Aubrey 12 ff. 166r-7v)

HbT 163 c.1675

Copy of Hobbes's letter to John Aubrey, from Hardwick, 24 February[/16 March] 1674/5.

Recorded in Malcolm, Correspondence, Letter 198.

A quarto volume of copies of correspondence of John Aubrey, FRS (1626-97), antiquary and biographer, transcribed from originals in the Bodleian Library.

Early 19th century

The British Library: Egerton MSS (Egerton MS 2231 ff. 193r-4r)

HbT 164 1677

Letter by Hobbes, entirely in the hand of his amanuensis James Wheldon, including as an enclosure To find a straight line equall to halfe a quarter of a Circle, to James Butler, Duke of Ormonde, from Chatsworth, 14[/24] August 1677.

Edited in George A. Aitken, An Unpublished Letter of Thomas Hobbes, The Academy, 27 (1885), 46 (and see also p. 80). Malcolm, Correspondence, II, 756-8, Letter 200.

A quarto composite volume of letters, in various hands, addressed chiefly to John Ellis (1642/6-1738), secretary of state.

The British Library: Additional MSS, numbers 25000 through 29999 (Add. MS 28927 ff. 4r-5r)

*HbT 165 1678

Autograph

Letter by Hobbes, entirely in the hand of his amanuensis James Wheldon, to John Aubrey, from Hardwick, 5[/15] March 1677/8.

Edited in Clark, I, 378-9. Malcolm, Correspondence, II, 766-7, Letter 202.

c.1680-1

Bodleian Library, other MSS (MS Aubrey 9 ff. 9r-10v)

HbT 166 c.1678

Copy of Hobbes's letter to John Aubrey, from Hardwick, 5[/15] March 1677/8.

Recorded in Malcolm, Correspondence, Letter 202.

A quarto volume of copies of correspondence of John Aubrey, FRS (1626-97), antiquary and biographer, transcribed from originals in the Bodleian Library.

Early 19th century

The British Library: Egerton MSS (Egerton MS 2231 f. 205r-v)

HbT 167 1679

Letter by Hobbes, entirely in the hand of his amanuensis James Wheldon, to William Crook, bookseller, from Chatsworth, 25 March[/4 April] 1679.

Edited in Clark, I, 379. Malcolm, Correspondence, II, 769, Letter 204.

c.1680-1

Bodleian Library, other MSS (MS Aubrey 9 f. 11r)

HbT 168 c.1679

Copy of Hobbes's letter to William Crook, from Chatsworth, 25 March[/4 April] 1679.

Recorded in Malcolm, Correspondence, Letter 204.

A quarto volume of copies of correspondence of John Aubrey, FRS (1626-97), antiquary and biographer, transcribed from originals in the Bodleian Library.

Early 19th century

The British Library: Egerton MSS (Egerton MS 2231 f. 206v)

HbT 169 1679

Letter by Hobbes, entirely in the hand of his amanuensis James Wheldon, to John Aubrey, from Chatsworth, 25 March[/4 April] 1679.

Edited in Clark, I, 380. Malcolm, Correspondence, II, 770, Letter 205.

c.1680-1

Bodleian Library, other MSS (MS Aubrey 9 ff. 12r-13v)

HbT 170

Copy of Hobbes's letter to John Aubrey, from Chatsworth, 25 March[/4 April] 1679.

Recorded in Malcolm, Correspondence, Letter 205.

A quarto volume of copies of correspondence of John Aubrey, FRS (1626-97), antiquary and biographer, transcribed from originals in the Bodleian Library.

Early 19th century

The British Library: Egerton MSS (Egerton MS 2231 f. 206r)

HbT 171 1679

Letter by Hobbes, entirely in the hand of his amanuensis James Wheldon, to John Aubrey, from Chatsworth, 18[/28] August 1679.

Edited in Clark, I, 380-1. Malcolm, Correspondence, II, 772-3, Letter 208.

c.1680-1

Bodleian Library, other MSS (MS Aubrey 9 ff. 14r-15v)

HbT 172 c.1679

Copy, in John Aubrey's hand, of Hobbes's letter to him, from Chatsworth, 18[/28] August 1679, omitting the first paragraph.

Recorded in Malcolm, Correspondence, Letter 209.

c.1680-1

Bodleian Library, other MSS (MS Aubrey 9 f. 42v)

HbT 173 c.1679

Copy of Hobbes's letter to John Aubrey, from Chatsworth, 18[/28] August 1679.

Recorded in Malcolm, Correspondence, Letter 209.

A quarto volume of copies of correspondence of John Aubrey, FRS (1626-97), antiquary and biographer, transcribed from originals in the Bodleian Library.

Early 19th century

The British Library: Egerton MSS (Egerton MS 2231 f. 207r)

Documents

Document(s)

*HbT 174 1618

Autograph

Autograph signature of Hobbes as witness to a bond, for the sum of £350 out of a total sum of £600, owed to Edmond Skory, drawn up by the London scrivener Leonard Willworth, signed by Sir William Cavendish, 4 March 1617/18.

Possibly the earliest known example of Hobbes's hand.

A group of papers relating to Gilbert Talbot, seventh Earl of Shrewsbury (1553-1616).

Among the archives of the Bagot family, of Blithfield Hall.

Staffordshire Record Office (D 4038/I/33 [unnumbered item])

HbT 175

A reply written in 1623 to a petition of grievances by colonists of the Somer Islands, a reply which (according to Company records) Mr Deputy [viz. John Ferrar] & M^r Hobbs were nominated to make on behalf of the Virginia Company, the MS in an unidentified hand and unsigned.

Among the Ferrar papers.

1623

This MS discussed in Noel Malcolm, Hobbes, Sandys, and the Virginia Company, Historical Journal, 24 (1981), 297-321, as representing, in part at least, the earliest surviving work of Thomas Hobbes.

Magdalene College, Cambridge (Ferrar MS 1476)

HbT 176 c.1670s

Copy, in Birch's hand, of a petition by Hobbes to King Charles II, referring to Hobbe's extreme age.

Edited in Molesworth, English, VII, 471-2. Malcolm, Correspondence, II, 774-5, Letter 210.

A folio composite volume of state letters and papers, compiled, and the majority copied, by Thomas Birch (1705-66), biographer and historian, 279 leaves, in modern half-morocco.

The British Library: Additional MSS, numbers 4101 through 4999 (Add. MS 4292 f. 77v)

Miscellaneous Extracts from Works by Hobbes

Extracts

HbT 177

Extracts.

A duodecimo memorandum book, compiled by William Harris, MA, Master of Winchester School, 64 leaves.

Mid-late 17th century

Bodleian Library, Rawlinson Collection, other shelfmarks (MS Rawl. D. 960 f. 2v)

HbT 178

Extracts, including references on pp. 26 and 34.

A folio commonplace book of extracts largely from religious works, under headings, in English and Latin, in a single cursive mixed hand, c.580 pages, in old boards.

c.1680

The Folger Shakespeare Library: V.b. series (MS V.b.154 passim)

HbT 179

Extracts at ff. 66r-71v, headed Excerpta de origine boni et mali ex doctrina Hobbesii ubi de origine sociatum.

Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna (Cod. 11.539.2)

Thomas Hobbes

Introduction

Hobbes's Manuscuscripts and the Devonshire Collection

Manuscript Copies

Letters

Presentation Exempla of Hobbes's Printed Works

Hobbes's Library

Miscellaneous

Abbreviations

Verse

Prose

Works by Hobbes Published No Later than 1682

Posthumously Published Works and Miscellaneous Papers Probably Written or Used by Hobbes

Letters

Documents

Miscellaneous Extracts from Works by Hobbes

Contents